wow- that is a great question… Its a tough one to explain though!
Have you ever heard of the periodic table? Well, this is basically a list of all of the smallest possible building blocks of everything on earth. These building blocks are also called atoms. You can check out the periodic table here: http://www.ptable.com/
These atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. These all have different charges. Neutrons are neutral, protons are positive (+1) and electrons are negative (-1).
What an atom really wants is to be neutrally charged, or have no charge at all… This means that if an atom has 1 proton it will have 1 electron (this makes sense if we think that 1-1=0).
An example of this is hydrogen which is H on the periodic table. It has a proton number of 1 so we know it has 1 proton; this means that it also has 1 electron.
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